Confined Space Work Requirements Prof. Ajay B. Konge
Confined Space Work Requirements
1. Identification of Confined Space
A confined space is:
a. Large enough for a worker to enter.
b. Has limited entry or exit.
c. Not designed for continuous occupancy.
d. Examples: tanks, vessels, silos, sewers, pipelines, manholes.
2. Risk Assessment
a. Conduct a risk assessment before entry.
b. Identify hazards such as:
i. Toxic gases (H₂S, CO, etc.)
ii. Low or high oxygen levels.
iii. Flammable gases or vapors.
iv. Engulfment risk (water, chemicals, grain).
v. Mechanical or electrical hazards.
3. Permit System
a. A Confined Space Entry Permit must be issued before entry.
b. The permit should include:
i. Date and time of entry.
ii. Work description.
iii. List of authorized personnel.
iv. Hazards identified and control measures.
v. Gas test results.
vi. Emergency contacts.
4. Gas Testing
a. Perform gas testing at three levels (top, middle, bottom) using a calibrated gas detector.
b. Test for:
i. Oxygen (should be 19.5–23.5%)
ii. Flammable gases (below 10% LEL)
iii. Toxic gases (as per site limits)
5. Ventilation
a. Use mechanical or natural ventilation to keep air safe.
b. Ensure continuous airflow during the work.
6. Isolation of Energy Sources
a. Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) procedures to isolate:
i. Electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic sources.
ii. Valves must be closed and locked.
7. PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
a. Hard hat, safety harness, gloves, coveralls, safety shoes.
b. Respirators if required (SCBA in toxic environments).
8. Communication
a. Maintain communication between the entrant and the attendant.
b. Use radios or lifeline signals.
9. Standby Attendant
a. A trained person must stand outside the confined space:
b. Continuously monitor the entrant(s).
c. Maintain communication.
d. Never leave the post.
e. Call for rescue if needed.
10. Rescue Plan
a. A site-specific rescue plan must be in place.
b. Rescue equipment: tripod, lifeline, harness, breathing equipment.
c. Rescue team must be trained and available immediately.
11. Training
a. Workers must receive training on:
b. Hazards of confined spaces.
c. Use of gas detectors and PPE.
d. Emergency procedures.
e. Entry permit system.
